A Subquery or Inner query or Nested query is a query within another SQL query and embedded within the WHERE clause.
A subquery is used to return data that will be used in the main query as a condition to further restrict the data to be retrieved.
Subqueries can be used with the SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE statements along with the operators like =, <, >, >=, <=, IN, BETWEEN etc.
Example
SELECT sub.*
FROM (
SELECT *
FROM tutorial.sf_crime_incidents_2014_01
WHERE day_of_week = 'Friday'
) sub
WHERE sub.resolution = 'NONE'
Let’s break down what happens:
First, the database runs the “inner query” — the part between the parentheses:
SELECT *
FROM tutorial.sf_crime_incidents_2014_01
WHERE day_of_week = 'Friday'
A subquery can have only one column in the SELECT clause, unless multiple columns are in the main query for the subquery to compare its selected columns.
An ORDER BY cannot be used in a subquery, although the main query can use an ORDER BY. The GROUP BY can be used to perform the same function as the ORDER BY in a subquery.
Subqueries that return more than one row can only be used with multiple value operators, such as the IN operator.
The SELECT list cannot include any references to values that evaluate to a BLOB, ARRAY, CLOB, or NCLOB.
A subquery cannot be immediately enclosed in a set function.
The BETWEEN operator cannot be used with a subquery; however, the BETWEEN operator can be used within the subquery.
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